https://blog.deltastudio.space/categories/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6/Recent content in 图形学 on Feynman 的博客Hugozh-CNSat, 03 Oct 2026 15:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-light-fields-and-color/Sat, 03 Oct 2026 15:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-light-fields-and-color/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> <li>本章对应课件：<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_20.pdf">第 20 讲</a>（Light Field / Lumigraph, Color and Perception）</li> </ul> <blockquote class="blockquote-regular"> <p>说明：这是两个&quot;跳出几何&quot;的主题。光场问的是一个场景在视觉上到底包含多少信息，颜色问的是这些信息进入人眼之后为什么变成了颜色。两者看似无关，却指向同一个结论：<strong>我们感知到的&quot;图像&quot;和&quot;颜色&quot;，都只是物理世界在人类感官上的一个低维投影</strong>——光场把 7 维的全光函数压到 4 维，颜色把无穷维的光谱压到 3 维。正因为这种压缩存在，图像采集和颜色复现才成为可能。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-animation-and-simulation/Sat, 03 Oct 2026 15:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-animation-and-simulation/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> <li>本章对应课件：<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_21.pdf">第 21 讲</a>（Animation 1: Basic Concepts, Mass-Spring Systems, Kinematics, Rigging / Blend Shapes / Motion Capture）、<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_22.pdf">第 22 讲</a>（Animation Cont.: Solving ODEs, Rigid Body and Fluids）</li> </ul> <blockquote class="blockquote-regular"> <p>说明：前面十一篇处理的都是&quot;静态&quot;的问题——一个场景摆在那里，我们关心怎么把它算出来、画出来。这一篇换了个维度：让场景随时间动起来。动画和模拟表面上都在&quot;生成运动&quot;，但走的是两条完全不同的路：<strong>动画是&quot;描述运动&quot;</strong>（人给出关键帧或关节角度，计算机负责插值），<strong>模拟是&quot;推导运动&quot;</strong>（人给出物理规律，计算机负责积分）。两条路在工程上会汇合到同一个地方——都要数值求解微分方程，也都可能因为离散化而崩溃。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-cameras-and-lenses/Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-cameras-and-lenses/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> <li>本章对应课件：<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_19.pdf">第 19 讲</a>（Cameras, Lenses and Light Fields）</li> </ul> <blockquote class="blockquote-regular"> <p>说明：前九篇一直在回答&quot;怎么把模型画成图&quot;，那是<strong>合成 (Synthesis)</strong>；这一篇换个方向，讲图像是怎么被**捕获 (Capture)**下来的。相机的每个部件——镜头、光圈、快门、传感器——几乎都能在渲染器里找到一个对应参数，而景深、散焦模糊、曝光这些效果，也由此第一次有了物理模型。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-ray-tracing/Thu, 01 Oct 2026 18:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-ray-tracing/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> <li>本章对应课件：<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_13.pdf">第 13 讲</a>（Ray Tracing 1: Whitted-Style Ray Tracing）、<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_14.pdf">第 14 讲</a>（Ray Tracing 2: Acceleration &amp; Radiometry）、<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_15.pdf">第 15 讲</a>（Light Transport &amp; Global Illumination）、<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_16.pdf">第 16 讲</a>（Ray Tracing 4: Monte Carlo, Path Tracing）</li> </ul> <blockquote class="blockquote-regular"> <p>说明：光线追踪是 GAMES101 中篇幅最大的一块内容，跨越第 13-18 讲。本文覆盖第 13-16 讲 —— 从 Whitted-Style 光线追踪、求交与加速结构，到辐射度量学、渲染方程，最终走到路径追踪。第 17 讲的材质与外观、第 18 讲的高级渲染主题另开两篇。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-materials-and-appearances/Thu, 01 Oct 2026 18:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-materials-and-appearances/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> <li>本章对应课件：<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_17.pdf">第 17 讲</a>（Materials and Appearances）</li> </ul> <blockquote class="blockquote-regular"> <p>说明：上一篇（第 07 篇）一路推导到路径追踪，把渲染方程解出来了；这一篇反过来盯住方程里那个&quot;已知但最复杂&quot;的量 —— $f_r$，也就是 BRDF。材质、外观、光泽、菲涅尔、微表面，归根到底都是在回答同一个问题：光打到这个表面上，会往哪些方向反射多少能量？第 18 讲的高级渲染主题（BDPT、MLT、光子映射、VCM，以及参与介质、毛发等非表面模型）另开一篇。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-advanced-rendering/Thu, 01 Oct 2026 18:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-advanced-rendering/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> <li>本章对应课件：<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_18.pdf">第 18 讲</a>（Advanced Topics in Rendering）</li> </ul> <blockquote class="blockquote-regular"> <p>说明：这是渲染这一大块的收尾。前面从渲染方程一路走到路径追踪，基本框架已经搭好了；这一篇不再推导新方程，而是横向铺开——先看还有哪些<strong>别的光传输算法</strong>（BDPT、MLT、光子映射、VCM、即时辐射度），再看当&quot;表面 + BRDF&quot;这套假设不够用时，怎么给<strong>参与介质、毛发、皮肤、布料</strong>这些复杂外观建模。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-geometry/Wed, 09 Sep 2026 18:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-geometry/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> <li>本章对应课件：<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_10.pdf">第 10 讲</a>（Geometry 1: Introduction）、<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_11.pdf">第 11 讲</a>（Geometry 2: Curves and Surfaces）、<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_12.pdf">第 12 讲</a>（Geometry 3）</li> </ul> <p>几何 (Geometry) 是图形学中极其重要且困难的一个主题。本文介绍几何的各种表示方法（隐式与显式）、曲线与曲面（贝塞尔曲线、B 样条、贝塞尔曲面）、网格处理（细分、简化、正规化）以及阴影映射 (Shadow Mapping) 技术。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-shading/Sun, 30 Aug 2026 18:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-shading/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> <li>本章对应课件：<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_07.pdf">第 7 讲</a>（Illumination, Shading and Graphics Pipeline）、<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_08.pdf">第 8 讲</a>（Shading, Pipeline and Texture Mapping）、<a href="https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~lingqi/teaching/resources/GAMES101_Lecture_09.pdf">第 9 讲</a>（Texture Mapping cont.）</li> </ul> <blockquote class="blockquote-regular"> <p>说明：官方精简版课件中，纹理应用（环境贴图、凹凸/法线贴图、位移贴图、3D 纹理）位于第 10 讲、阴影贴图位于第 12 讲；本文按 B 站完整版课程结构将其归入着色主题之下。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-rasterization/Sun, 16 Aug 2026 12:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-rasterization/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> </ul> <p>光栅化 (Rasterization) 是将矢量图形（几何描述）转换为像素图像（光栅图像）的过程。</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-transformations/Sun, 09 Aug 2026 12:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-transformations/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> </ul> <h2 id="1-为什么要学习变换">1 为什么要学习变换</h2> <p>变换在图形学中有两大核心应用：</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-vectors-linear-algebra/Tue, 21 Jul 2026 12:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-vectors-linear-algebra/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> </ul> <h2 id="1-向量基础">1 向量基础</h2> <h3 id="向量的定义">向量的定义</h3> <p><img src="https://blog.deltastudio.space/images/2026-07-21_series_games101/02_vectors/chap2_01.png" alt="向量定义"></p> <ul> <li>向量有<strong>方向</strong>和<strong>长度</strong>，没有绝对起始位置</li> <li>通常记为 $\vec{a}$ 或粗体 <strong>a</strong></li> <li>用起止点表示：$\overrightarrow{AB} = B - A$</li> </ul> <h3 id="向量归一化-normalization">向量归一化 (Normalization)</h3> <ul> <li>向量的模（长度）：$||\vec{a}||$</li> <li><strong>单位向量</strong>：模为 1 的向量，用于表示方向</li> <li>归一化：$\hat{a} = \frac{\vec{a}}{||\vec{a}||}$</li> </ul> <h3 id="向量加法">向量加法</h3> <ul> <li><strong>几何表示</strong>：平行四边形法则 &amp; 三角形法则</li> <li><strong>代数计算</strong>：对应坐标相加</li> </ul> $$ \vec{a} + \vec{b} = \begin{pmatrix} x_a + x_b \\ y_a + y_b \end{pmatrix} $$<p><strong>向量加法的几何图示</strong>：</p>https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-overview-rasterization/Mon, 20 Jul 2026 12:00:00 +0800https://blog.deltastudio.space/posts/games101-overview-rasterization/<ul> <li>课程主讲：闫令琪 (Lingqi Yan) | UCSB</li> <li>B站课程链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1X7411F744</li> </ul> <h2 id="1-什么是计算机图形学">1 什么是计算机图形学</h2> <p><strong>Computer Graphics</strong>: The use of computers to <strong>synthesize and manipulate</strong> visual information.</p>